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Information and Media Literacy (IML) enables people to interpret and make informed judgments as users of information and media, as well as to become skillful creators and producers of information and media messages in their own right. Prior to the 1990s, the primary focus of Information Literacy has been research skills.〔()〕 Media Literacy, a study that emerges around the 1970s traditionally focuses on the analysis and the delivery of information through various forms of media. Nowadays, the study of Information Literacy has been extended to include the study of Media Literacy in many countries like UK,〔()〕 Australia and New Zealand.〔http://www.anziil.org/resources/Info%20lit%202nd%20edition.pdf〕 The term Information and Media Literacy is used by UNESCO〔 to differentiate the combined study from the existing study of Information Literacy. It is also defined as Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the United States.〔()〕〔http://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/ICTREPORT.pdf〕 Educators, such as Gregory Ulmer, has also defined the field as electracy. IML is a combination of information literacy and media literacy. The purpose of being information and media literate is to engage in a digital society; one needs to be able to use, understand, inquire, create, communicate and think critically. It is important to have capacity to effectively access, organize, analyze, evaluate, and create messages in a variety of forms.〔()〕 The transformative nature of IML includes creative works and creating new knowledge; to publish and collaborate responsibly requires ethical, cultural and social understanding. ==21st-century students== The IML learning capacities prepare students to be 21st Century literate. According to Jeff Wilhelm (2000), “technology has everything to do with literacy. And being able to use the latest electronic technologies has everything to do with being literate.”〔(Literacy by Design: Why is all This Technology so Important? )〕 He supports his argument with J. David Bolter’s statement “that if our students are not reading and composing with various electronic technologies, then they are illiterate. They are not just unprepared for the future; they are illiterate right now, in our current time and context”. (Wilhelm, 2000, p. 4) Wilhelm's statement is supported by the 2005 Wired World Phase II (YCWW II) survey conducted by the Media Awareness Network of Canada on 5000 Grade 4 - 11 students. The key findings of the survey are: *62% of Grade 4 students prefer the Internet *38% of Grade 4 students choose the library. *91% of Grade 11 students prefer the Internet, *9% of Grade 11 students prefer the library (YCWW II, 2005a, para. 28). Marc Prensky (2001) uses the term ''digital native'' to describe the individuals, who have been brought up in a digital world.〔http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf〕 The Internet has been a pervasive element of young people’s home lives. Ninety-four percent of kids report that they have Internet access at home, and a significant majority of them (61 percent) enjoy a high-speed connection. By the time kids hit Grade 11, half of them (51 percent) have their own Internet-connected computer, separate and apart from the family computer (YCWW II, 2005b, p. 6). The survey has also showed that young Canadians are now among the most wired in the world. But contrary to the earlier stereotype of the isolated and awkward computer nerd, today’s wired kid is a social kid (YCWW II, 2005b, p. 8). In general, many students are better networked through the use of technology than most teachers and parents. Teachers and parents may not understand the abilities of technology. Students are no longer limited to the desktop computer. Students use mobile technologies to graph a mathematical problem, research a question for Social Studies, text message an expert for information as well as send homework to a drop box.〔()〕 Students are accessing information by using MSN, personal Web pages, Weblogs and social networking sites. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Information and media literacy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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